Words in Mental Lexicon: A Comparative Analysis of Word Association (WA) Responses of Pakistani L1 and Afghan L2 Speakers of Urdu

Vocabulary acquisition in both L1 and L2 has depended on the opinion of associative language learning to help recognize elucidate procedures lexical development mind learners. To date, studies this area have delivered relatively controversial findings. The current study revisited certain corresponding issues order gain insight into restoration words mental lexicon. Moreover, it also strived understand relationship between process word association (WA). better meaning lexicon, explored compared associations a group Afghan Urdu speakers native speakers. It aimed how links are developed items commonly believed partially support vocabulary acquisition. findings revealed that paradigmatic relations created by learners dominant their data sets, while syntagmatic leading sets. general trends research, is, Pakistan foreigners. further highlight importance processes employed second conclude, contributes WA description teaching.